Key Takeaways
- Conjunctivitis symptoms often include redness, itching, tearing, burning, and eye discharge.
- Common causes include viral infections, bacterial infections, and allergies.
- Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve prescription medications, soothing at-home care, or supportive management.
- Seek a specialist when symptoms worsen, affect vision, or fail to improve with basic care.
- Everett & Hurite Eyecare Specialists provide expert evaluation and treatment for eye infections across Pittsburgh and surrounding regions—schedule an appointment today to get the care you need.
Understanding Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva—the clear membrane covering the white of the eye—becomes inflamed. This inflammation causes visible redness and irritation. Because conjunctivitis may involve bacteria, viruses, or allergies, the condition can appear in multiple forms, each with distinct symptoms and treatment needs.
Routine and comprehensive eye exams at Everett & Hurite allow specialists to diagnose eye infections accurately and recommend the right treatment based on the cause.
Symptoms of Conjunctivitis
Although symptoms vary, most forms of conjunctivitis share several hallmark signs:
- Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid
- Itching or burning sensation
- Watery or thick discharge, sometimes causing eyelids to stick together
- Sensitivity to light
- Swelling around the eyelids
- Gritty or foreign-body sensation
Symptoms may affect one eye or both. Viral and allergic conjunctivitis typically start in one eye and spread to the other, while bacterial conjunctivitis often affects both eyes more quickly.
Common Causes of Conjunctivitis
Understanding the cause is essential because each type requires different management.
1. Viral Conjunctivitis
- Caused by viruses that also trigger colds or respiratory infections
- Highly contagious
- Often accompanied by watery discharge
- Usually resolves on its own within several days to two weeks
2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- Caused by common skin or respiratory bacteria
- Characterized by thicker discharge, often yellow or green
- Causes eyelids to stick together, particularly in the morning
- May require antibiotic eye drops
3. Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander
- Causes intense itching, redness, swelling, and tearing
- Often seasonal and may occur with sneezing or nasal symptoms
4. Irritant-Induced Conjunctivitis
- Caused by exposure to smoke, chlorine, fumes, or chemicals
- Symptoms improve once the irritant is removed
Conjunctivitis vs. Other Eye Conditions
Some eye diseases share symptoms with conjunctivitis, particularly redness, tearing, and discomfort. A specialist evaluation helps distinguish between conditions.
| Conjunctivitis | Other Eye Conditions |
|---|---|
| Redness, tearing, discharge | Redness, but often with pain, blurry vision, or light sensitivity |
| Mild discomfort | May involve intense pain or vision loss |
| Typically affects both eyes | Often affects one eye more severely |
| Caused by infection, allergy, or irritation | Could indicate glaucoma, corneal issues, or dry eye |
Routine and comprehensive eye exams offered at Everett & Hurite help detect whether symptoms are caused by conjunctivitis or other underlying conditions requiring different treatment paths.
Treatment Options for Conjunctivitis
Because conjunctivitis can stem from multiple causes, treatment approaches differ.
Viral Conjunctivitis Treatment
- Often resolves naturally
- Cool compresses and artificial tears help relieve irritation
- Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes
- Practice strict hygiene to prevent spreading
Routine exams are important if symptoms persist or vision changes occur.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment
- Often treated with prescription antibiotic eye drops
- Cleaning the eyelids and lashes helps remove discharge
- Children may need evaluation to ensure the infection has not spread
Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment
- Avoiding allergy triggers is key
- Cool compresses soothe swelling
- Allergy medications or eye drops may be recommended
Because allergic conjunctivitis can mimic infection, a professional exam ensures the correct diagnosis.
When Additional Evaluation Is Needed
Conjunctivitis may appear simple, but symptoms that worsen or fail to improve may indicate a more serious condition, such as uveitis, keratitis, or dry eye disease. Everett & Hurite's team is trained to evaluate these conditions and develop personalized treatment plans.
When to See a Specialist for Conjunctivitis
You should schedule an appointment if your symptoms:
- Last longer than 3–5 days
- Include moderate to severe pain
- Cause blurred or worsening vision
- Produce thick or persistent discharge
- Occur after contact lens use
- Appear with fever or respiratory illness
- Spread quickly or cause significant swelling
Conjunctivitis is also listed among the common conditions identified during routine eye exams at Everett & Hurite, reinforcing the importance of annual or more frequent exams for at-risk patients.
Tips to Prevent the Spread of Conjunctivitis
Because certain forms of conjunctivitis spread easily, prevention plays a major role in protecting yourself and others.
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water
- Avoid rubbing your eyes
- Do not share towels, pillows, or cosmetics
- Replace contact lenses and lens cases as directed
- Clean eyewear regularly
- Keep children home from school during active infection
- Disinfect commonly touched surfaces
These simple steps help contain infection and reduce irritation, especially during cold and allergy seasons.
Let Pittsburgh’s Eye Specialists Help You Heal Safely
Conjunctivitis can be uncomfortable, frustrating, and contagious, but effective treatment is available. Everett & Hurite Eyecare Specialists offer comprehensive evaluation and personalized management for all types of pink eye, helping patients find fast relief and prevent complications.
To schedule an appointment, visit the Routine Eye Exams page or book directly through Everett & Hurite Eyecare Specialists’ appointments portal.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most common symptoms of conjunctivitis?
Redness, itching, burning, tearing, and discharge are the most common symptoms. Some types cause eyelids to stick together, especially in the morning.
What causes conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, or irritants such as smoke or chemicals. The cause determines the appropriate treatment.
How do I know if my conjunctivitis is bacterial or viral?
Bacterial conjunctivitis typically produces thicker discharge, while viral conjunctivitis causes watery tearing. A professional eye exam provides an accurate diagnosis.
Do I need antibiotics for pink eye?
Only bacterial conjunctivitis requires antibiotics. Viral and allergic conjunctivitis do not respond to antibiotic treatment.
When should I see an eye specialist for pink eye?
Seek care if symptoms worsen, last longer than a few days, affect vision, or occur with significant pain or swelling.
